Protective effects auraptene alone and in combination with estradiol on intestine injury induced by traumatic brain injury in male rats: The role of oxidative stress

Abstract 

Background:This investigation aimed to evaluate how varying doses of auraptene (AUR) alone and in combination with estradiol (E2) on various parameters after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.

Methods:The rats were divided into twelve groups, including a sham group and eleven TBI groups. The TBI groups consisted of three vehicle groups (DMSO, Oil, and DMSO+Oil), an E2 group, three AUR groups with varying doses (4, 8, and 25 mg/kg), and three combination groups of AUR and E2 (AUR 4+E2, AUR 8+E2, and AUR 25+E2).AUR was administered for five consecutive days) ip). TBI was induced 30 minutes after the last injection on the fifth day.E2 and Oil were injected 30 minutes post-TBI.

Results: AUR at 25 mg/kg and in combination with E2 significantly reduced brain water content. Nitric Oxide (NO) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower in AUR 8 and 25, and all AUR+E2 groups. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Catalase (CAT) activity increased in all AUR+E2 groups .TBI increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in the intestine, which were reduced by AUR alone and AUR+E2

Conclusion:These findings support AUR, particularly with E2, as a promising therapeutic strategy for managing oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage in TBI cases.